Plain-language definitions of 133 terms used in raw material trade: Incoterms, payment, shipping, customs, quality documents, plastics, metals, chemicals, agriculture and energy.
Licensing requirements for exporting items that can serve both civilian and military purposes – certain special steels, titanium and superalloys, carbon fibre, rare earths, some chemicals and precursors. Lists and rules are set nationally on the basis of the Wassenaar Arrangement, Nuclear Suppliers Group, Australia Group and Missile Technology Control Regime (e.g. EU Regulation 2021/821, US EAR). Exporting without a licence carries criminal penalties, so the seller should request an end-user certificate.
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