Plain-language definitions of 133 terms used in raw material trade: Incoterms, payment, shipping, customs, quality documents, plastics, metals, chemicals, agriculture and energy.
Certificates showing that food, feed, cosmetic and pharmaceutical ingredients – gelatin, emulsifiers, fatty acids, glycerine, flavours, enzymes, vitamins and so on – are produced in line with Islamic or Jewish dietary law. Halal certificates must come from a body recognised by the importing country (e.g. BPJPH in Indonesia, JAKIM in Malaysia, GAC/ESMA in the Gulf, HAK in Türkiye); kosher certificates are issued by agencies such as OU, OK and Star-K. For ingredients of animal or possibly animal origin, and for Middle Eastern and Southeast Asian markets, they are often a precondition of sale.
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