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Scrap classification (ISRI, HMS 1&2, shredded, Millberry)
International scrap grades are defined by code names in the ISRI (now ReMA) Scrap Specifications Circular. In ferrous scrap, HMS 1 is at least 6 mm thick while HMS 2 includes thinner and galvanised pieces, and “80:20” gives the blend ratio; shredded scrap (ISRI 210/211) is fragmented and magnetically separated, dense material, while P&S and busheling (new production cuttings) are cleaner. Non-ferrous grades use codes such as Barley/Millberry (99.9 % bright copper wire), Berry/Candy, Honey (yellow brass) and Taint/Tabor (mixed aluminium). Radioactivity, sealed containers, dirt and foreign matter should be capped in the contract.
Stainless steel grades (304, 316, 430, duplex)
Steels containing at least 10.5 % chromium, which forms a protective chromium-oxide film. 304 (1.4301, 18 % Cr – 8 % Ni) is austenitic, general-purpose and food-safe; 316/316L (1.4401/1.4404) adds 2–3 % molybdenum for better resistance to chlorides, seawater and chemical plants; 430 (1.4016) is a nickel-free, magnetic and cheaper ferritic grade; the 201/202 series replaces nickel with manganese. Duplex (2205) offers high strength and stress-corrosion resistance. Stainless prices move with an alloy surcharge linked to nickel and molybdenum prices.
Steel grade designation (EN, ASTM, AISI, JIS, GB)
Steels carry different names in different standard systems. In the European system (EN 10027) a letter shows the use and a number the minimum yield strength: S235JR is a structural steel with 235 MPa and impact tested at 20 °C, while S355J2 is tested at –20 °C. Approximate equivalents are ASTM A36 or A572 Gr.50, JIS SS400 in Japan and GB Q235/Q355 in China; for stainless, AISI 304 ≈ EN 1.4301. Equivalents are not identical, so chemistry and mechanical values should be checked on the certificate.